Translation and Untranslatability

A translation approach that surrounds an expression with layers of cultural, situational, and interpretive context.

A translation strategy that reduces foreignness by adapting a text to target-language expectations.

A context-dependent correspondence between linguistic units or texts.

A foreign-language word that resembles a familiar word but has a different meaning.

The visible coexistence of different languages or linguistic varieties within a text or discourse.

Sprachlemm is an explicitly declared Atlas working term for a lemma understood within a language-specific cultural history of meaning and use.

Rule-based conversion of characters from one writing system into characters of another writing system.

The resistance of an expression or textual effect to complete transfer into another language.

Extensive adaptation of a source text to a new medium, audience, or cultural context.

A translation strategy that preserves or foregrounds linguistic and cultural difference in the target text.

The use and coexistence of several languages in persons, groups, or spaces.

A Japanese cultural concept of anticipatory, attentive hospitality that seeks to recognise needs before they are expressed.

The purpose that guides translation decisions for a specific target situation.

The transfer of a linguistic context into another language or system of signs.

Localisation adapts a product or content to a particular linguistic, cultural and practical environment.

Romanisation renders material from a non-Latin script in Latin script.

A translation norm is a socially and historically situated expectation about how translation should be carried out or what counts as acceptable.

A creative transfer that recreates an intended effect, identity, or appeal rather than closely following wording.