Explanation
The apostrophe interrupts the previous reference to the addressee and makes an internal relationship audible as a direct address. For a moment, the addressee becomes an interlocutor.
Example
O Time, why do you hurry especially today?
Counterexample
Lena, please come in. – The person who is actually present is addressed directly.
Distinction
Personification: This attributes human characteristics to non-human entities but does not require a direct address.
Effect on thought and perception
Transforms the absent or the abstract into an interlocutor capable of responding.
Resonance
Speech creates a relationship even where no real response is possible.
Cite this entry
Reich, Michael (Hrsg./ed.): „Apostrophe“. Atlas der Sprache, AT-091-006. ATLAS 251, data model 1.6.0. https://atlasoflanguage.com/concept/AT-091-006The address remains stable; editorial content may evolve. A verified modification date per entry is not yet available. Include your access date for precise references.