MICHAEL REICH
Atlas of Language
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Relationship navigator · ATLAS 262

Relationship navigator

Connect concepts, recognize distinctions and examine why a connection is recorded.

Open editorial and specialist review

Independent specialist review remains open. The review cases below preserve the limits of the evidence and of the current assignments.

3,439 active connections1,393 concepts3,439 connections with English text

The English texts include individual explanations, comparison notes and navigation references. The recorded status and evidence describe the underlying connection. Independent specialist review of the Chinese edition also remains open.

Find a connecting route between two concepts
How are two concepts connected?

Up to four existing relations; directed connections are followed only in their recorded direction. Every step shows its rationale and documented editorial treatment.

Explore connections

3,439 connections in this selection

  1. R-97 · Distinction · directed

    Chiasmus → Antimetabole

    Meaning of the relation type
    Ein Atlasprofil grenzt den Zielbegriff ausdrücklich ab. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Chiasmus crosses the order of corresponding elements. Antimetabole adds the requirement that the same lexical material recur in reverse order. This gives a formal way to distinguish the related figures.
    Evidence basis
    Profilfeld: Nicht verwechseln mit (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  2. R-98 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Chiasmus → Parallelism

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Chiasmus can be understood as parallel structure with the order of corresponding elements reversed. The crossed arrangement gives it a different shape from parallelism that preserves the same order.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  3. R-99 · Distinction · directed

    Code → Convention

    Meaning of the relation type
    Ein Atlasprofil grenzt den Zielbegriff ausdrücklich ab. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    A code organizes correspondences between signs and meanings. Convention describes how such correspondences or other shared rules become established in a community. The relation connects the organization of a system with the practices that sustain it.
    Evidence basis
    Profilfeld: Nicht verwechseln mit (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  4. R-100 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Code → Symbol

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Symbols are understood through learned associations and can be organized into codes. A single symbol is one element of a system of correspondences.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  5. R-101 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Code-switching → Diglossia

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Code-switching is the alternation between linguistic codes in use. Diglossia concerns the socially patterned distribution of functions across varieties. Individual switches can be analysed in that context, but they cannot establish diglossia on their own.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  6. R-102 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Code-switching → Register

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Both code-switching and a shift in register can signal a change in the conversational situation. Register concerns language use in particular settings, so a register shift can take place within a single language.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  7. R-103 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Common ground → Deixis

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Shared knowledge of the situation can help participants resolve a deictic reference. Common ground helps explain how they can tell which object someone means by “that over there”.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  8. R-104 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Common ground → Presupposition

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    A presupposition presents information as already given. Common ground is the background that participants take to be shared. An assumption can already belong to it, be accepted during the exchange, or be challenged.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  9. R-105 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Common ground → Implicature

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Hearers draw on assumptions about shared knowledge when they infer an implicature. Common ground is one resource for that inference. Each hearer may also draw conclusions of their own.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  10. R-106 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Common ground → Accommodation

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Through accommodation, participants can provisionally treat a new assumption as part of their common ground. This leaves open whether they actually agree with it or whether it is true.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  11. R-107 · Cross-field connection · directed

    Common ground → Information structure

    Meaning of the relation type
    Die Verbindung überschreitet einen fachlichen Kontinent. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Information structure distinguishes material presented as given from material presented as new. Common ground helps explain why that distinction works for particular participants or breaks down.
    Evidence basis
    Importierter Querverweis über Fachgrenzen (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  12. R-108 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Slippery slope argument → Abduction

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    A slippery slope argument predicts a problematic chain of consequences. Abduction offers a possible explanation for an observation. Both invite scrutiny of their assumptions, one in making a prediction and the other in proposing an explanation.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  13. R-109 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Slippery slope argument → Framing

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    A slippery slope argument can frame an initial decision as the start of an unstoppable decline. Framing makes that perspective open to analysis. The predicted chain of consequences still requires evidence.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  14. R-110 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Slippery slope argument → False dilemma

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    A slippery slope argument can distort the available options by positing a chain of consequences. A false dilemma does so by restricting the alternatives. Each calls for a different test.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  15. R-111 · Cross-field connection · directed

    Deixis → Index

    Meaning of the relation type
    Die Verbindung überschreitet einen fachlichen Kontinent. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Deictic expressions take their reference from the situation of utterance. They illustrate situational indexicality within a wider class of signs that depend on a real connection.
    Evidence basis
    Importierter Querverweis über Fachgrenzen (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  16. R-112 · Distinction · directed

    Deixis → Anaphora (grammatical reference)

    Meaning of the relation type
    Ein Atlasprofil grenzt den Zielbegriff ausdrücklich ab. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Deixis anchors reference in the situation of utterance. Grammatical anaphora recovers reference from accessible linguistic context. The comparison concerns two sources of reference and uses anaphora in its grammatical sense.
    Evidence basis
    Profilfeld: Nicht verwechseln mit (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  17. R-113 · Cross-field connection · directed

    Deixis → Perspective

    Meaning of the relation type
    Die Verbindung überschreitet einen fachlichen Kontinent. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Deixis organises reference around a situational centre. Perspective makes it possible to compare other ways in which a standpoint shapes what is accessible, including cases without deictic expressions.
    Evidence basis
    Importierter Querverweis über Fachgrenzen (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  18. R-114 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Deixis → Common ground

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Expressions such as ‘here’ and ‘that’ often rely on a shared point of reference and can help establish one. Common ground explains how that shared orientation is possible. Identifying the referent still requires attention to the situation.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  19. R-115 · Distinction · directed

    Denotation → Connotation

    Meaning of the relation type
    Ein Atlasprofil grenzt den Zielbegriff ausdrücklich ab. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Denotation concerns what an expression designates. Connotation concerns associated or evaluative meanings. The two can interact in use.
    Evidence basis
    Profilfeld: Nicht verwechseln mit (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  20. R-116 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Derivation → Affix

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Derivation can create new words by adding affixes. Affixes can also mark inflection, so their presence alone does not identify the process as derivation.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  21. R-117 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Derivation → Morpheme

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Derivation forms a new lexeme from a base. Morphemes help us analyse what is added or altered, including cases where the change involves more than joining two units.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  22. R-118 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Derivation → Conversion

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Conversion changes a word’s category without an overt derivational affix. Whether it counts as derivation depends on the model of word formation.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  23. R-119 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Derivation → Compound

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Derivation and compounding are both forms of word formation. Derivation typically combines a base with a derivational element. Compounding combines lexical constituents. Borderline cases require further criteria.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

  24. R-120 · Subject neighbour · directed

    Diegesis → Focalization

    Meaning of the relation type
    Beide Begriffe gehören demselben fachlichen Kontinent an. (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Why connected?
    English editorial text
    Diegesis is the narrated world or level of narrated events. Focalisation governs whose access to perception and knowledge shapes the presentation of that world.
    Evidence basis
    Gemeinsamer fachlicher Kontinent (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)
    Recorded review status
    ATLAS_109 klassifiziert (Original source wording; no separate translation recorded)

    This connection in the earlier English edition

Earlier individual rationales with provenance (JSON)

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